(ToR) Consultancy for Conducting Comprehensive WASH Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Survey in Dadaab and Kakuma/Kalobeyei Operations, Kenya

**TERMS OF REFERENCE (ToR)**

**Consultancy for Conducting Comprehensive WASH Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Survey in Dadaab and Kakuma/Kalobeyei Refugee Operations, Kenya**

**1. Assignment Information**

**Title:** Consultancy for Conducting Comprehensive WASH Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Survey

**Client:** Peace Winds Japan (PWJ) Kenya Mission

**Locations:**

- Dadaab Refugee Camps (Dagahaley, Hagadera, Ifo and Ifo 2)
- Kakuma Refugee Camp & Kalobeyei Integrated Settlement

**Assignment Period:**
1 August 2026 – 30 August 2026

**Type of Consultancy:**
Firm or Consortium of Consultants

**2. Background**

Peace Winds Japan (PWJ) is implementing Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions in Dadaab and Kakuma/Kalobeyei refugee operations under the Refugee Assistance Programme (RAP).

The interventions seek to improve equitable, safe, sustainable and inclusive access to water, sanitation and hygiene services among refugees, asylum seekers and host communities while strengthening community participation, accountability and resilience.

PWJ intends to undertake a comprehensive WASH Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Survey to generate evidence on WASH-related behaviors, service utilization, inclusion, accountability, protection considerations and sustainability of interventions across the two refugee operations.

The findings will inform program improvement, strategic planning, accountability to affected populations, donor reporting and future WASH investments.

**3. Purpose of the Consultancy**

The purpose of this consultancy is to conduct a scientifically rigorous, gender-sensitive, disability-inclusive and protection-sensitive WASH KAP Survey in Dadaab and Kakuma/Kalobeyei refugee operations using a harmonized methodology that allows comparison between the two operational areas.

**4. Overall Objective**

To assess knowledge, attitudes, practices, behavioral determinants and perceptions related to water, sanitation and hygiene services among refugees and host communities in Dadaab and Kakuma/Kalobeyei refugee operations.

**5. Specific Objectives**

The consultancy shall:

1. Assess household access to safe and sufficient water services.
2. Assess water handling, treatment and storage practices.
3. Assess sanitation access, utilization and maintenance.
4. Assess environmental hygiene and solid waste management practices.
5. Assess hygiene knowledge and behaviors including handwashing practices.
6. Assess menstrual hygiene management knowledge, practices and barriers.
7. Examine behavioral drivers and barriers influencing WASH practices.
8. Assess effectiveness of hygiene promotion and social behavior change interventions.
9. Assess community participation in WASH governance structures.
10. Assess accountability and feedback mechanisms.
11. Assess accessibility and inclusion of women, girls, older persons and persons with disabilities.
12. Assess protection and safety concerns associated with WASH services and infrastructure.
13. Assess sustainability of WASH interventions and community ownership mechanisms.
14. Compare key WASH indicators between Dadaab and Kakuma/Kalobeyei operations.
15. Generate practical recommendations for strengthening future programming.

**6. Key Evaluation Questions**

**Water Supply**

- What proportion of households have access to adequate quantities of safe water?
- What barriers affect water access and safe handling?
- How do communities perceive water quality, reliability and accessibility?

**Sanitation**

- What is the level of sanitation access and utilization?
- What barriers affect sanitation adoption and maintenance?
- Are sanitation facilities safe, accessible and inclusive?

**Hygiene**

- What hygiene practices are prevalent among households?
- What factors influence handwashing and hygiene compliance?
- How effective are existing hygiene promotion interventions?

**Inclusion and Protection**

- Are WASH services accessible to persons with disabilities and vulnerable groups?
- Do women and girls feel safe using WASH facilities?
- What protection risks are associated with WASH infrastructure and services?

**Accountability**

- Are communities aware of feedback and complaint mechanisms?
- Do beneficiaries perceive WASH interventions as participatory and responsive?

**7. Scope of Work**

The consultant shall undertake the following:

**Inception Phase**

- Review project documents and previous assessments.
- Develop a detailed inception report.
- Develop a sampling methodology and sample size calculations.
- Develop data collection tools.
- Develop a data quality assurance framework.
- Develop a detailed workplan.

**Data Collection Phase**

Conduct:

**Quantitative Data Collection**

- Household surveys
- WASH facility assessments
- Structured observations

**Qualitative Data Collection**

- Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)
- Key Informant Interviews (KIIs)
- Community consultations
- Direct observations

**Data Analysis Phas