Utilizing induced pluripotent stem cells to study the role of alveolar type 2 cell dysfunction in pulmonary fibrosis

Project Summary
This proposal details a 5-year career development training program focused on developing a patient-specific
induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model system to study the role of alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cell
dysfunction at the inception of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). A growing literature now implicates alveolar epithelial
dysfunction as playing a role in the events that lead to downstream fibroblast activation culminating in relentless
fibrosis in a variety of interstitial lung disease (ILD) syndromes, including adult idiopathic PF (IPF) and childhood
ILD (chILD). However, without access to patient-specific human epithelial-mesenchymal model systems, there
are limited options for testing hypotheses of how AT2 cell dysfunction leads to disease in humans. The outlined
proposal builds on an in vitro human model system recently developed and published by the candidate to better
understand the mechanisms by which AT2 cell dysfunction in the context of the most common disease-
associated SFTPC variant (SFTPCI73T) leads to PF. The mechanisms identified by studying AT2 cell dysfunction
using the in vitro iPSC-derived model will be further validated in vivo in SftpcI73T mutant mice. More specifically,
the aims of this proposal are to: 1) study the role of AT2 cell dysfunction and the downstream consequences of
epithelial dysfunction in eliciting a fibrotic cascade by utilizing a novel human patient-specific iPSC in vitro
epithelial-mesenchymal recombinant model system, 2) test the hypothesis that AT2 cell-intrinsic perturbations
characterized by proteostasis defects and metabolic reprograming result in impaired AT2-to-AT1 cell
differentiation, inflammatory activation, and fibrogenic mesenchymal activation, and 3) identify druggable
pathways for novel PF therapies by testing novel approaches to restore AT2 cell proteostasis and mitochondrial
function. Both the model system to be developed and the pathogenic mechanisms to be revealed likely will be
generalizable to a broad diversity of PF phenotypes, providing novel druggable targets for both familial and
sporadic PF therapies. Dr. Alysandratos has 80% protected time from the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep
& Critical Care Medicine and the Boston University Department of Medicine. His mentor, Dr. Darrell Kotton at
the Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), is an international expert in stem cell biology with a focus on
applying stem cells to model and understand lung development and disease, making him ideally suited for this
career development award focused on iPSC-model systems of PF. A team of extraordinary scientific advisory
members, each bringing their specific expertise, has been carefully assembled to provide complementary
guidance. A detailed training plan is presented that includes mentored research, didactic coursework,
presentations at meetings, and a timeline for completion of the research aims, preparation of manuscripts, and
future R01 application. At the completion of this proposal, the candidate will have developed the necessary
expertise to successfully transition into an independent physician-scientist.

Grant Number: 5K08HL163494-03
NIH Institute/Center: NIH
Principal Investigator: Konstantinos Alysandratos