Social Convoys, Cognitive Reserve and Resilience, and Risk for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias
Full Description
7. PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
Emerging evidence suggests that sexual and gender minority populations are at increased risk for Alzheimer’s
disease and related dementias (ADRD). This may be due, at least in part, to the cumulative impact of minority
stress;; related social isolation and loneliness;; and barriers to care and support services. Social support, on the
other hand, has emerged as a protective factor in the face of minority stress, and as a predictor of successful
cognitive aging among the general population. However, few studies have assessed the social support networks
of sexual and gender minorities in detail to determine the specific support characteristics that facilitate cognitive
reserve and resilience. The proposed study will fill this gap by comparing the stress, social support networks,
and aging-related cognition of a newly recruited sample of sexual and gender minority adults (n = 300, age 25-
85) to those of a matched heterosexual, cisgender sample (n = 300) enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal study of
aging and cognitive reserve (the Reference Ability Neural Networks or RANN study). In addition, the proposed
study will conduct secondary analysis of MRI data collected in RANN to explore differences in brain features
between minority and majority groups, generating hypotheses for future research. The specific aims are: (1) To
compare stress (perceived general stress and minority stress related to one or more marginalized identities) and
cognitive performance across multiple domains in newly recruited sexual / gender minority adults and matched
heterosexual, cisgender adults enrolled in the RANN study;; (2) To compare social network characteristics of
sexual / gender minority adults to those of matched heterosexual, cisgender adults, and examine within- and
between-group differences in social support based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and age;; (3) Across
both identity groups (N = 600), to examine the role of minority stress, social support, resources and wellbeing in
development of cognitive reserve and resilience (i.e., how these assets moderate the effects of minority stress
and aging on health and cognitive functioning);; and (4) In an exploratory analysis, to evaluate differences
between sexual / gender minority (n > 40) and matched heterosexual, cisgender RANN participants in MRI-
measured brain features and their relation to stress, social network characteristics, cognitive functioning, and
risk for incident ADRD. We expect that understanding differences and similarities in the social networks of
minority and majority adults and the relationship of these characteristics to stress and aging-related cognition
will enable us to identify modifiable factors associated with cognitive reserve and resilience, informing future
interventions to prevent cognitive decline and ADRD.
Grant Number: 5R01AG069041-05
NIH Institute/Center: NIH
Principal Investigator: WALTER BOCKTING
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