Multimodal investigation of emotional reactivity as a predictor of later psychopathology in infants at risk for ASD

SUMMARY
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by social impairments and restricted and repetitive
behaviors. Those with a genetic liability for social deficits, including individuals with ASD and their unaffected
relatives are also at high risk for internalizing and externalizing conditions. The presence of comorbid affective
and behavioral conditions impairs adaptive functioning, increases family stress, and is associated with
psychiatric hospitalizations and residential placement. Identification of risk factors for internalizing and
externalizing disorders amongst young children with ASD and their siblings would improve diagnostic practices
and promote implementation of preventative and early interventions. Extensive research in the general
population indicates that precursors of internalizing and externalizing disorders can be identified in the first two
years of life as indexed by elevated or attenuated levels of Emotional Reactivity (eReactivity), or intensity of
emotional reactions in response to internal or external triggers. Extant, albeit limited, evidence suggests that
toddlers with ASD and their unaffected siblings exhibit atypical eReactivity profiles both on the behavioral and
physiological levels, though the evidence is incomplete and both their origins and the links with later
psychopathology are largely unknown. To fill this gap, we propose to prospectively examine the development
of eReactivity from 4 to 30 months in 150 younger siblings of children with ASD, who, due to familial factors,
are at high risk for developing ASD (HR) and 30 low-risk (LR) siblings. We plan to examine eReactivity to real-
world triggers aimed to elicit fear, anger, and joy, and to evaluate the effects of the social and nonsocial nature
of the triggers on eReactivity across the three emotions using a state-of-the-art multi-method behavioral and
physiological approach. Aim 1 will evaluate prospectively whether the HRASD group (siblings with ASD), HRATP
(siblings with developmental challenges), and HRTD (siblings without developmental challenges) are
characterized by distinct patterns of eReactivity to social vs nonsocial triggers as measured by behavioral and
physiological indices between 4 and 30 months compared to the LRTD group. The aim will clarify if differential
emotional reactivity to social and nonsocial triggers constitutes an emerging characteristic of the autism
phenotype in ASD. Aim 2 will examine predictive relationships between development of eReactivity in infancy
and severity of internalizing and externalizing symptoms at 30 months. Identification of early predictors of
internalizing/externalizing problems will facilitate access to early interventions aimed at amelioration of
behavioral and emotional challenges. Consistent with the Research Domain Criteria research framework
recommendations, the project (1) employs multiple levels of analysis, (2) investigates negative and positive
valence systems as well as arousal systems, and (3) examines a spectrum of ASD risk with long-term goals of
improving diagnostic precision in ASD and enabling discovery of novel treatment targets and interventions both
during prodromal and early syndromal stages of the disorder.

Grant Number: 5R01MH124892-05
NIH Institute/Center: NIH
Principal Investigator: KATARZYNA CHAWARSKA