Effects of methamphetamine use on risk behavior, systemic and mucosal inflammation, and sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV risk among men who have sex with men

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
This K23 Career Development Award will provide early career support for the investigation of behavioral and
biological risk factors for HIV/STI transmission caused by methamphetamine (MA) use among men who have
sex with men (MSM). This K23 award will provide support for the candidate to develop expertise in the
following areas: 1) Biological impacts of MA use and addiction medicine; 2) Clinical trials methods and
biobehavioral interventions; 3) Applied immunology; 4) Professional development; and 5) Responsible conduct
of research. Dr. Blair will be mentored by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in addiction, infectious
diseases, immunology, and statistics. Dr. Steven Shoptaw has an extensive track record in addiction research
and training of future independent investigators. Dr. Jesse Clark will provide mentorship in clinical trial
methods, operations, and safety procedures; Dr. Grace Aldrovandi will provide mentorship in applied
immunology, with an emphasis on mucosal immunology; and Dr. Robert Weiss will provide mentoring in
advanced statistical methods. MA use is an important driver of HIV transmission and the burgeoning STI
epidemic among MSM. Understanding the interaction of biological and behavioral risk factors for HIV/STI
transmission caused by MA use is imperative for effective HIV/STI interventions. Dr. Blair proposes to
investigate the joint effects of MA use, HIV, sexual risk behavior, and rectal gonorrhea/chlamydia (GC/CT) on
systemic and rectal inflammation. Stored plasma specimens and behavioral data obtained every 6 months over
2 years from 140 MSM will be used to assess the joint effects of HIV and MA use on systemic inflammation
and risk behavior using a 2x2 factorial design stratified by HIV serostatus (70 positive; 70 negative) and results
of urine MA screening (70 with MA use; 70 without MA use). 40 HIV-negative MA-using MSM (20 with rectal
GC/CT; 20 without rectal GC/CT) will be recruited separately from a community-based university research
clinic. MA exposure will be manipulated using contingency management (CM) to evaluate the effects of a
decline in MA use on biological markers of inflammation (e.g., cytokines). Following initiation of CM, sexual risk
behaviors will be assessed weekly for 8 weeks. Inflammatory rectal cytokines will be measured weekly with
rectal swabs and linked with biomarkers of MA exposure over 8 weeks. These activities will accomplish the
following aims: 1) Measure the joint effects of HIV and MA use on systemic cytokine concentrations and risk
behavior; 2) Identify the effects of MA exposure and concomitant rectal GC/CT on rectal cytokine
concentrations; and 3) Evaluate the association of MA use frequency with sexual risk behavior in the setting of
rectal inflammation. Through this K23 Career Development Award, Dr. Blair will establish herself as an
independent clinician-investigator with expertise in intersectional research on the biological and behavioral
impacts of MA and other drugs on HIV/STI transmission dynamics.

Grant Number: 5K23DA054004-05
NIH Institute/Center: NIH
Principal Investigator: Cherie Blair