Developing long-term neuro-behavioral recording and real-time processing platforms for naturally behaving animals

A major challenge in neuroscience is to uncover how defined neural circuits in the brain encode, store,
modify, and retrieve information. Adding to this challenge is the fact that neural function does not
operate in isolation from but rather within living, behaving animals. To tackle this challenge, significant
advancement of neural, behavioral, and computational tools is needed along with new experimental
approaches to enable the detailed study of neural circuits within the context of complex behavior and
naturalistic, ethologically relevant environments. This proposal aims to do exactly this by designing,
implementing, and sharing a highly innovative, community driven, neuro-behavioral recording and real-
time processing platform capable of uninterrupted, months-long wireless recording of neural and
behavioral activity across a colony of animals in large, naturalistic environments.
We will develop a new generation of ultra-light weight, fully wireless miniature microscopes
(Miniscopes) for neural imaging in truly naturally behaving animals. These wireless Minsicopes will be
powered remotely through power-over-distance technology and capable of imaging neural activity with
single cell resolution across thousands of neurons. In combination with transgenic mouse lines, these
wireless Miniscopes will continuously record neural activity across months as animals live,
uninterrupted, in large, enriched environments. An extensive array of behavioral devices will be
developed and natively integrated into the platform for animal tracking, parsing complex behaviors, and
detecting animal-environment interactions. All tools and techniques built for this project will be actively
shared through our open-source website and workshops. Neural and behavioral data will be processed,
in real-time, through a novel computational framework (hardware and software) and shared openly
through an online database accessible to the neuroscience community.
Pilot experiments using this platform will investigate the long-term formation, stability, and
generalization of hippocampal cognitive maps within ethologically relevant environments. Once
validated, subsequent experiments will incorporate tasks proposed by the neuroscience community
encompassing both basic science and investigation of neurological disorders. A single dataset
generated with this platform will track a colony of animals’ complex behavior and neural activity through
learning, recall, sleep, social behavior, and aging. This novel approach has the potential to
fundamentally transform the way neuroscience research is thought about, implemented, and shared
and will undoubtedly provide new insight into neural function and disorder.

Grant Number: 4DP2MH129986-02
NIH Institute/Center: NIH
Principal Investigator: Daniel Aharoni