Data-driven solutions for temporal, spatial, and spatiotemporal dynamic functional connectivity

Project Summary/Abstract
Existing approaches to estimate and characterize whole brain time-varying connectivity from fMRI data have
shown considerable promise, with exponential growth in research in this field. We and others have developed a
powerful set of tools that are now in wide use in the community. However, the impact of mental illness on brain
connectivity is complex, and as we show, limitations in existing methods often result in missing important features
associated with brain disorders (e.g. transient fractionation of the spatial structure of brain networks). Some of
these important limitations include 1) the most widely-used approaches often require a number of prior and
limiting assumptions that are not well studied, 2) methods often assume linear relationships either within or
between networks over time, and 3) methods assume spatially fixed nodes and ignore the possibility of spatially
fluid evolution of networks over time. We propose a novel family of models that builds on the well-structured
framework of joint blind source separation to capture a more complete characterization of (potentially nonlinear)
spatio-temporal dynamics while providing a way to relax other limiting assumptions. Our models will also produce
a rich set of metrics to characterize the available dynamics and enable in depth comparison with currently avail-
able models including those that are model based. We will extensively validate our approaches in a variety of
ways including simulations and evaluation of rigor and robustness in large normative data sets. Finally, we will
apply the developed tools to study the important area of dynamic properties in mental illnesses including schiz-
ophrenia, bipolar disorder, and the autism spectrum. There is considerable evidence of disruption of dynamics
in all three disorders, and as we show the use of static (or even exiting dynamic) approaches can miss important
information about brain related differences associated with each. We will provide open source tools and release
data throughout the duration of the project via a web portal and the NITRC repository, hence enabling other
investigators to use our approaches and compare their own methods with our own. Our tools have wide appli-
cation to the study of the healthy brain as well as many other diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Grant Number: 5R01MH123610-05
NIH Institute/Center: NIH
Principal Investigator: VINCE CALHOUN