Closing Racial Disparities Through the Affordable Care Act: Medicaid Expansion, Marketplaces, Federally Qualified Community Health Centers

Project Summary/Abstract
The now established Affordable Care Act (ACA) afforded an opportunity to increase mental health
coverage and treatment for African Americans and whites and to reduce disparities. By extending
Medicaid coverage to adults with incomes at or below 138% of the Federal Poverty Line (FPL), providing
purchase subsidies for adults with incomes between 100% and 400% FPL, and by increasing the supply
of Federally Qualified Health Centers which provide considerable mental health care nationwide, the
ACA can benefit uninsured African Americans with mental health problems especially. We know little
about how much ACA policies increased coverage and treatment for mentally ill Blacks and whites.
Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), the Health Resources and Services
Administration and from various Medicaid and marketplace data sources this study asks, for the first time, the
following: For persons aged 18-64 with Mild and Moderate Mental Illness (MMMI), Serious Mental illness
(SMI), and Serious Psychological Distress (SPD), and after controlling for individual socio-demographic
variables related to insurance uptake and/or receipt of mental health treatment and key state-level differences
we ask: (1) How much did the ACA Medicaid expansion increase Medicaid coverage and reduce coverage
disparities? How was disparity reduction limited by some states’ supplemental Medicaid requirements? (2)
How much did increases in 1) ACA Medicaid coverage (2) greater FQHC availability increase but lack of other
provider availability decrease mental health treatment for African Americans and reduce African American-
white disparities? How much did ACA marketplaces for subsidized purchase increase private coverage and
reduce disparities? How much did increases in 1) marketplace coverage (2) and greater FQHC availability
increase, but lack of other provider availability decrease mental health treatment for African Americans and
reduce African American-white disparities? The ACA is status quo, and it is important to provide evidence
concerning African American-white mental health coverage and treatment disparity reduction to monitor
progress and guide future disparity reduction policy and administrative actions.

Grant Number: 5R01MH133807-03
NIH Institute/Center: NIH
Principal Investigator: Timothy Brown